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WiFi
Wifi (/ iconwaɪfaɪ /, also written WiFi or WiFi) is a well-known technology that utilizes electronic devices to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connection. Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Alliance defines as "the product of wireless local area networks (WLAN) based on any standard Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11". However, since most of today's WLANs based on these standards, the term "Wi-Fi" is used in the common English language as a synonym for "WLAN".
A tool that can use Wi-Fi (such as a personal computer, video game console, smart phone, tablet, or digital audio player) can be connected to the network resources such as the Internet through a wireless network access point. Access point (atauhotspot) as it has a range of about 20 meters (65 feet) in the room and, more broadly outdoors. Hotspot coverage can cover an area of the room with walls that block radio waves or a few square miles - this can be done by using multiple access points overlap.
"Wi-Fi" is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance and the brand name for products using the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. Only products that complete the Wi-Fi interoperability certification testing the Wi-Fi Alliance are allowed to use the name and trademark "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED".
Wi-Fi has a history of changing security. First encryption systems, WEP, proved to be easily penetrated. Higher quality protocols, WPA and WPA2, then added. However, an optional feature that was added in 2007 called Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS), has loopholes that allow an attacker to get WPA or WPA2 password of the remote router within a few hours. A number of companies advised to disable WPS. Wi-Fi Alliance since the update test plans and certification programs to ensure that all new equipment certified immune from attack AP PIN hard.
History Main article: History of IEEE 802.11
History of 802.11 technology originated in the US Federal Communications Commission's decision in 1985 to release a band GSM for use without a license. [3] In 1991, NCR Corporation together AT & T found the predecessor 802.11 intended for cashier systems. The first wireless products are under the name WaveLAN.
Vic Hayes dubbed the "Father of Wi-Fi". He was involved in the design of the first IEEE standard.
A large number of patents by many companies use the 802.11 standard. In 1992 and 1996, an Australian organization CSIRO get a patent for a method that would be used in Wi-Fi to remove signal interference. [7] In April 2009, 14 technology companies agreed to pay $ 250 million to CSIRO for violating patents them. It encourages Wi-Fi is touted as Australia's findings, although it has become a topic of some controversy. CSIRO won a lawsuit worth $ 220 million for patent infringement in 2012 Wi-Fi requesting global firms in the United States pay the licensing rights to CSIRO worth $ 1 billion.
In 1999, the Wi-Fi Alliance was formed as a trade association for holding the Wi-Fi is a trademark used by many products.
Name
The term Wi-Fi, first used commercially in August 1999, triggered by a brand consulting firm called Interbrand Corporation. Wi-Fi Alliance hired Interbrand to specify the name of the "easier said than 'IEEE 802.11b Direct Sequence' '. Belanger also said that Interbrand creates a Wi-Fi as a play on the Hi-Fi (high fidelity); they also designed the Wi-Fi logo.
Wi-Fi Alliance made a perfunctory advertising slogan "The Standard for Wireless Fidelity" and was used shortly after the Wi-Fi brand created. Because the slogan, people mistakenly think that Wi-Fi is short for "Wireless Fidelity" despite the fact that instead.
Logo yin-yang Wi-Fi interoperability certification indicates a product.
Technology of non-Wi-Fi needed for of points remain as Motorola Canopy usually called fixed wireless. Alternative wireless technologies include mobile phone standards such as 2G, 3G, or 4G.
Wi-Fi Certification
See also: Wi-Fi Alliance
IEEE does not test equipment to meet their standards. Nonprofit Wi-Fi Alliance was founded in 1999 to fill this gap - to establish and encourage interoperability and compatibility standards, as well as promoting the wireless local area network technology. In 2010, the Wi-Fi Alliance is composed of more than 375 companies worldwide. Wi-Fi Alliance to encourage the use of the brand to the Wi-Fi technology based on the IEEE 802.11 standards of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It includes a wireless local area network connection (WLAN) connectivity tool-to-tool (such as Wi-Fi Peer to Peer or Wi-Fi Direct), personal area networks (PAN), local area network (LAN), and even the number of connections wide area network (WAN) is limited. The company manufactures the Wi-Fi Alliance membership, whose products successfully passed the certification process, entitled marking the product with the Wi-Fi logo.
Specifically, the certification process requires compliance with the IEEE 802.11 radio standards, WPA and WPA2 security standdar, and EAP authentication standard. Optional certification includes testing of the draft IEEE 802.11 standard, the interaction with cell phone technology in convergent devices, and security features, multimedia, and energy savings.
Not all Wi-Fi equipment is sent to get certified. Lack of Wi-Fi certification does not mean that a tool is not compatible with other Wi-Fi tool. If the tool is qualified or semi-compatible, Wi-Fi Alliance does not need to comment on their mention as a means of Wi-Fi, [need reference] although technically only approved certified tool. Terms such as Super Wi-Fi, which was initiated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States to describe the UHF TV band network plan in the United States, can be approved or not.
Logo Wi-Fi signal
Use
To connect with LAN Wi-Fi, a computer needs to be equipped with a wireless network interface controller. Combined computer and interface controller called the station. All stations share a radio frequency communication channel. Transmission in this channel received by all stations within range. Hardware does not notify the user that the transmission is successfully received and referred to the best delivery mechanism. A carrier wave is used to send data in packets, called "Ethernet frame". Each station continuously connected to a radio frequency communication channel to take the available transmission.
Internet Access
A Wi-Fi tool can connect to the Internet when within range of a wireless network connected to the Internet. Coverage of one access point or more (interconnection) - called hotspots - can cover an area of several rooms up to several square miles. Coverage in a larger area requires several access points with overlapping coverage. Public Wi-Fi technology outdoors successfully applied in wireless mesh networks in London, United Kingdom.
Wi-Fi provides services in private homes, major streets and shops, and public spaces via Wi-Fi hotspots are installed free or paid. Organizations and businesses, such as airports, hotels, and restaurants, usually provide free hotspots to attract visitors. Users are enthusiastic or authorities who want to give service or even to promote business in certain places sometimes provide free Wi-Fi access.
Router involving digital subscriber line modem or cable modem and WI-Fi access points, usually installed in homes and other buildings, providing Internet access danantarjaringan to all devices connected to the router wirelessly or wired. With the emergence of MiFi and WiBro (portable Wi-Fi router), the user can easily create a Wi-Fi hotspot its own that are connected to the Internet via cellular networks. Now, equipment Android, Bada, iOS (iPhone), and Symbian is able to create a wireless connection. [24] also connect Wi-Fi places that normally do not have access to the network, such as the kitchen and home gardens.
Wi-Fi city
Further information: wireless jarignan city
Wi-Fi access point open
In the early 2000s, many cities around the world announced plans to build a city-wide Wi-Fi network. Examples of successful businesses that Mysore in 2004 became the first Wi-Fi city in India and the second in the world after Jerusalem. WiFiyNet company founded several hotspots in Mysore, which covers the entire city and surrounding villages.
In 2005, Sunnyvale, California, became the first city in the United States that provide free Wi-Fi with the scope of the city, and Minneapolis earn $ 1.2 million per year for its service providers.
In May 2010, the Mayor of London, Great Britain, Boris Johnson promised to build a Wi-Fi network that covers the whole of London in 2012. A number of boroughs, including Westminster and Islington already have Wi-Fi coverage is open wide.
Officials in the South Korean capital, Seoul, trying to provide free Internet access at more than 10,000 locations around the city, including public open space, the main road, and densely populated residential areas. Seoul will be handed operation to KT, LG Telecom and SK Telecom. These companies will invest $ 44 million for this project, which will be completed in 2015.
Wi-Fi campus
Many traditional campus in the United States have coverage Wi-Fi wireless Internet patchy. Carnegie Mellon University to build the first sekampus Internet network called Wireless Andrew at its Pittsburgh campus in 1993 before the Wi-Fi brand appears.
In 2000, Drexel University, Philadelphia became the first major university in the United States who have wireless Internet access throughout the campus.
Direct communication between computers
Wi-Fi also allows direct communication from one computer to another without going through the access point. This is called the transmission of ad hoc Wi-Fi. Ad hoc network mode nirkabelini popularized by handheld game console multiplayer, such as the Nintendo DS, Playstation Portable, digital cameras, and other consumer electronics equipment. A number of tools are also able to share its Internet connection using an ad-hoc, become a hotspot or "virtual router".
Similarly, the Wi-Fi Alliance to promote a specification called Wi-Fi Direct for file transfer and sharing of media through search methodology and abru security. Wi-Fi Direct was launched in October 2010.
Specification
Wi-Fi is designed based on the IEEE 802.11 specification. Today there are four variations of 802.11, namely:
• 802.11a
• 802.11b
• 802.11g
• 802.11n
Specifications b is the first Wi-Fi products. Variations g and n is one product that has the highest sales in 2005.
Specifications Wi-Fi
Specifications Frequency Speed
Band Matches
with
802.11b
11 Mb / s
~ 2.4 GHz
b
802.11a
54 Mb / s ~ 5 GHz a
802.11g
54 Mb / s ~ 2.4 GHz b, g
802.11n
100 Mb / s ~ 2.4 GHz b, g, n
In many parts of the world, the frequencies used by Wi-Fi, users are not required to obtain permission from the local regulator (eg, the Federal Communications Commission in the US). 802.11a uses a higher frequency and therefore its range is narrower, other things being equal.
Wi-Fi version of the most extensive in the US market today (based on the IEEE 802.11b / g) operates at 2.400 GHz to 2483.50 GHz. With so allow operations in 11 channels (each 5 MHz), centered on the following frequencies:
• Channel 1 to 2.412 GHz;
• Channel 2 to 2.417 GHz;
• Channel 3 to 2.422 GHz;
• Channel 4 to 2.427 GHz;
• Channel 5 to 2.432 GHz;
• Channel 6 to 2.437 GHz;
• Channel 7 to 2.442 GHz;
• Channel 8 to 2.447 GHz;
• Channel 9 to 2.452 GHz;
• Channel 10 to 2.457 GHz;
• Channel 11 to 2.462 GHz
Technically operational, Wi-Fi is one variant of communication and information technology that works on the network and the WLAN (wireless local area network). In other words, Wi-Fi is a trademark certification granted to the telecommunications equipment manufacturers (internet) are working on a WLAN network and already meets the required quality interoperates capacity.
Technology-based Wi-Fi internet created and developed a group of US engineers who worked at the Institute of Electrical and electronis Engineers (IEEE) is based on the technical standards numbered 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.16. Wi-Fi devices is not only able to work on WLAN networks, but also in the network Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN).
Because the device with the technical standard 802.11b WLAN devices are intended for use at a frequency of 2.4 GHz or commonly called ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical). As for the technical standards of 802.11a and 802.16 WMAN intended for the device or also called Wi-Max, which works around the 5 GHz frequency band.
Especially of high public interest in the community Internet-- using Wi-Fi technology due to at least two factors. First, the ease of access. That is, users in one area can access the Internet simultaneously without the need to be bothered with cables.
Consequently, users who want to surf or browse news and information on the Internet, just bring a PDA (Pocket Digital Assistance) or Wi-Fi enabled laptop to a place where there is an access point or hotspot.
The proliferation of hotspots in such places, who built by telecommunications operators, Internet service providers and even the perorangan-- triggered a second factor, namely because of the relatively low cost of construction or just around 300 dollars US.
Increasing the quantity of Internet users based on Wi-Fi technology that is increasingly implicated in various parts of the world, has been pushing Internet service providers (ISPs) to build hotspots in major cities of the world.
Some observers have even been predicted in 2006, there will be as many as 800,000 hotspots in European countries, 530,000 in the United States and one million in the Asian countries.
Total income earned US and European countries of Internet business based Wi-Fi technology by the end of 2003 was estimated at 5.4 trillion US dollars, an increase of 33 billion US dollars from 2002 (www.analysys.com).
Wi-Fi Hardware
Wi-Fi in the form of PCI
Hardware Wi-Fi is available in the market currently exists in the form of:
• PCI
• USB
• PCMCIA
• Compact Flash
Wi-fi in the form of a USB
Fashion Access Wi-Fi Connection
There are two modes of access Wi-Fi connection, ie
Ad-Hoc
This connection mode is a mode where multiple computers are connected directly, or better known as Peer-to-Peer. The advantage, cheaper and more practical when connected only 2 or 3 computers, without having to buy an access point.
Infrastructure
Using the Access Point that serves as data traffic, allowing many client can connect to each other through a network (Network).
The popularity of Wi-Fi
In Indonesia alone, the use of Internet-based Wi-Fi has started implicated in several major cities. In Jakarta, for example, the maniacs who are surfing the Internet while waiting for the plane take off at the airport waiting room, it is not a strange thing.
The same phenomenon is seen in various cafes, just as the Starbucks cafe and La Moda Cafe in Plaza Indonesia, Coffee Club Senayan, and Cafe Coffee Bean in Cilandak Town Square-- where visitors can open the Internet to see the artist's political news or the latest gossip while sipping hot cappucino .
Today, business phone based VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) also has Wi-Fi technology, which calls routed through the WLAN network. The application is named VoWi-FI (Voice over Wi-Fi).
Some time ago, the latest technical standards created by the IEEE has been able to support the operation of streaming video services. Even predicted, will be made cards (cards) based Wi-Fi technology that can be inserted into electronic equipment, ranging from digital cameras to video game consoles (ITU News 8/2003).
Based on the above explanation, it can be concluded that the business users and the quantity of Wi-Fi technology is likely to increase, and economically it has a positive impact on the national economy of a country, including Indonesia.
Nevertheless, the government should address the phenomenon wisely and carefully. Because the technologically --baik frequency band of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz-- which became operational container technology, Wi-Fi is not free from limitations (Kompas, 02/05/2004).
Because the users in a new area can take advantage of this wireless Internet system with optimal, if all devices used in the area using a uniform transmit power and limited.
If these prerequisites are not heeded, will surely occur harmful interference between devices is not just Internet users, but also with the other telecommunications systems.
If the interference persists because users want is superior to other users and the lack of understanding of the limitations of the technology, in the end will make the frequency band of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz can not be used optimally.
Another limitation of the wireless frequency band (2.4 GHz in particular) is because it is also used for ISM (industrial, science and medical).
Consequently, the use of radio communications or other telecommunications device that works on the frequency band that should be ready to accept interference from ISM devices, as stated in S5.150 of the Radio Regulations.
In ITU-R SM.1056, also informed ISM device characteristics that are essentially aimed at preventing interference, both between the ISM and the telecommunication device sharing.
The same recommendation asserts that every member of the ITU-free set of administrative requirements and rules of law relating to mandatory power restrictions.
Recognizing the limitations and impacts that may arise from the use of both the wireless frequency band, various countries and establish regulations that limit the transmit power of the device used.
Safety
Further information: wireless electronic equipment and health
World Health Organization (WHO) states, "there is no risk after exposure to Wi-Fi networks and long-term low-level," and the United Kingdom Health Protection Agency reported that exposure to Wi-Fi for a year "just as exposed to radiation from mobile phone calls during the 20 minutes "
A small number of Wi-Fi users have reported health problems after repeated exposure to and use Wi-Fi, although no publication on any impact in double blind studies. A study involving 725 people with electromagnetic hypersensitivity claimed to have found evidence for their claims. A study speculated that "laptop (Wi-Fi mode) on the lap near the testes may lower male fertility" Other studies find that working memory decline among men when exposed to Wi-Fi.
A tool that can use Wi-Fi (such as a personal computer, video game console, smart phone, tablet, or digital audio player) can be connected to the network resources such as the Internet through a wireless network access point. Access point (atauhotspot) as it has a range of about 20 meters (65 feet) in the room and, more broadly outdoors. Hotspot coverage can cover an area of the room with walls that block radio waves or a few square miles - this can be done by using multiple access points overlap.
"Wi-Fi" is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance and the brand name for products using the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. Only products that complete the Wi-Fi interoperability certification testing the Wi-Fi Alliance are allowed to use the name and trademark "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED".
Wi-Fi has a history of changing security. First encryption systems, WEP, proved to be easily penetrated. Higher quality protocols, WPA and WPA2, then added. However, an optional feature that was added in 2007 called Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS), has loopholes that allow an attacker to get WPA or WPA2 password of the remote router within a few hours. A number of companies advised to disable WPS. Wi-Fi Alliance since the update test plans and certification programs to ensure that all new equipment certified immune from attack AP PIN hard.
History Main article: History of IEEE 802.11
History of 802.11 technology originated in the US Federal Communications Commission's decision in 1985 to release a band GSM for use without a license. [3] In 1991, NCR Corporation together AT & T found the predecessor 802.11 intended for cashier systems. The first wireless products are under the name WaveLAN.
Vic Hayes dubbed the "Father of Wi-Fi". He was involved in the design of the first IEEE standard.
A large number of patents by many companies use the 802.11 standard. In 1992 and 1996, an Australian organization CSIRO get a patent for a method that would be used in Wi-Fi to remove signal interference. [7] In April 2009, 14 technology companies agreed to pay $ 250 million to CSIRO for violating patents them. It encourages Wi-Fi is touted as Australia's findings, although it has become a topic of some controversy. CSIRO won a lawsuit worth $ 220 million for patent infringement in 2012 Wi-Fi requesting global firms in the United States pay the licensing rights to CSIRO worth $ 1 billion.
In 1999, the Wi-Fi Alliance was formed as a trade association for holding the Wi-Fi is a trademark used by many products.
Name
The term Wi-Fi, first used commercially in August 1999, triggered by a brand consulting firm called Interbrand Corporation. Wi-Fi Alliance hired Interbrand to specify the name of the "easier said than 'IEEE 802.11b Direct Sequence' '. Belanger also said that Interbrand creates a Wi-Fi as a play on the Hi-Fi (high fidelity); they also designed the Wi-Fi logo.
Wi-Fi Alliance made a perfunctory advertising slogan "The Standard for Wireless Fidelity" and was used shortly after the Wi-Fi brand created. Because the slogan, people mistakenly think that Wi-Fi is short for "Wireless Fidelity" despite the fact that instead.
Logo yin-yang Wi-Fi interoperability certification indicates a product.
Technology of non-Wi-Fi needed for of points remain as Motorola Canopy usually called fixed wireless. Alternative wireless technologies include mobile phone standards such as 2G, 3G, or 4G.
Wi-Fi Certification
See also: Wi-Fi Alliance
IEEE does not test equipment to meet their standards. Nonprofit Wi-Fi Alliance was founded in 1999 to fill this gap - to establish and encourage interoperability and compatibility standards, as well as promoting the wireless local area network technology. In 2010, the Wi-Fi Alliance is composed of more than 375 companies worldwide. Wi-Fi Alliance to encourage the use of the brand to the Wi-Fi technology based on the IEEE 802.11 standards of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It includes a wireless local area network connection (WLAN) connectivity tool-to-tool (such as Wi-Fi Peer to Peer or Wi-Fi Direct), personal area networks (PAN), local area network (LAN), and even the number of connections wide area network (WAN) is limited. The company manufactures the Wi-Fi Alliance membership, whose products successfully passed the certification process, entitled marking the product with the Wi-Fi logo.
Specifically, the certification process requires compliance with the IEEE 802.11 radio standards, WPA and WPA2 security standdar, and EAP authentication standard. Optional certification includes testing of the draft IEEE 802.11 standard, the interaction with cell phone technology in convergent devices, and security features, multimedia, and energy savings.
Not all Wi-Fi equipment is sent to get certified. Lack of Wi-Fi certification does not mean that a tool is not compatible with other Wi-Fi tool. If the tool is qualified or semi-compatible, Wi-Fi Alliance does not need to comment on their mention as a means of Wi-Fi, [need reference] although technically only approved certified tool. Terms such as Super Wi-Fi, which was initiated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States to describe the UHF TV band network plan in the United States, can be approved or not.
Logo Wi-Fi signal
Use
To connect with LAN Wi-Fi, a computer needs to be equipped with a wireless network interface controller. Combined computer and interface controller called the station. All stations share a radio frequency communication channel. Transmission in this channel received by all stations within range. Hardware does not notify the user that the transmission is successfully received and referred to the best delivery mechanism. A carrier wave is used to send data in packets, called "Ethernet frame". Each station continuously connected to a radio frequency communication channel to take the available transmission.
Internet Access
A Wi-Fi tool can connect to the Internet when within range of a wireless network connected to the Internet. Coverage of one access point or more (interconnection) - called hotspots - can cover an area of several rooms up to several square miles. Coverage in a larger area requires several access points with overlapping coverage. Public Wi-Fi technology outdoors successfully applied in wireless mesh networks in London, United Kingdom.
Wi-Fi provides services in private homes, major streets and shops, and public spaces via Wi-Fi hotspots are installed free or paid. Organizations and businesses, such as airports, hotels, and restaurants, usually provide free hotspots to attract visitors. Users are enthusiastic or authorities who want to give service or even to promote business in certain places sometimes provide free Wi-Fi access.
Router involving digital subscriber line modem or cable modem and WI-Fi access points, usually installed in homes and other buildings, providing Internet access danantarjaringan to all devices connected to the router wirelessly or wired. With the emergence of MiFi and WiBro (portable Wi-Fi router), the user can easily create a Wi-Fi hotspot its own that are connected to the Internet via cellular networks. Now, equipment Android, Bada, iOS (iPhone), and Symbian is able to create a wireless connection. [24] also connect Wi-Fi places that normally do not have access to the network, such as the kitchen and home gardens.
Wi-Fi city
Further information: wireless jarignan city
Wi-Fi access point open
In the early 2000s, many cities around the world announced plans to build a city-wide Wi-Fi network. Examples of successful businesses that Mysore in 2004 became the first Wi-Fi city in India and the second in the world after Jerusalem. WiFiyNet company founded several hotspots in Mysore, which covers the entire city and surrounding villages.
In 2005, Sunnyvale, California, became the first city in the United States that provide free Wi-Fi with the scope of the city, and Minneapolis earn $ 1.2 million per year for its service providers.
In May 2010, the Mayor of London, Great Britain, Boris Johnson promised to build a Wi-Fi network that covers the whole of London in 2012. A number of boroughs, including Westminster and Islington already have Wi-Fi coverage is open wide.
Officials in the South Korean capital, Seoul, trying to provide free Internet access at more than 10,000 locations around the city, including public open space, the main road, and densely populated residential areas. Seoul will be handed operation to KT, LG Telecom and SK Telecom. These companies will invest $ 44 million for this project, which will be completed in 2015.
Wi-Fi campus
Many traditional campus in the United States have coverage Wi-Fi wireless Internet patchy. Carnegie Mellon University to build the first sekampus Internet network called Wireless Andrew at its Pittsburgh campus in 1993 before the Wi-Fi brand appears.
In 2000, Drexel University, Philadelphia became the first major university in the United States who have wireless Internet access throughout the campus.
Direct communication between computers
Wi-Fi also allows direct communication from one computer to another without going through the access point. This is called the transmission of ad hoc Wi-Fi. Ad hoc network mode nirkabelini popularized by handheld game console multiplayer, such as the Nintendo DS, Playstation Portable, digital cameras, and other consumer electronics equipment. A number of tools are also able to share its Internet connection using an ad-hoc, become a hotspot or "virtual router".
Similarly, the Wi-Fi Alliance to promote a specification called Wi-Fi Direct for file transfer and sharing of media through search methodology and abru security. Wi-Fi Direct was launched in October 2010.
Specification
Wi-Fi is designed based on the IEEE 802.11 specification. Today there are four variations of 802.11, namely:
• 802.11a
• 802.11b
• 802.11g
• 802.11n
Specifications b is the first Wi-Fi products. Variations g and n is one product that has the highest sales in 2005.
Specifications Wi-Fi
Specifications Frequency Speed
Band Matches
with
802.11b
11 Mb / s
~ 2.4 GHz
b
802.11a
54 Mb / s ~ 5 GHz a
802.11g
54 Mb / s ~ 2.4 GHz b, g
802.11n
100 Mb / s ~ 2.4 GHz b, g, n
In many parts of the world, the frequencies used by Wi-Fi, users are not required to obtain permission from the local regulator (eg, the Federal Communications Commission in the US). 802.11a uses a higher frequency and therefore its range is narrower, other things being equal.
Wi-Fi version of the most extensive in the US market today (based on the IEEE 802.11b / g) operates at 2.400 GHz to 2483.50 GHz. With so allow operations in 11 channels (each 5 MHz), centered on the following frequencies:
• Channel 1 to 2.412 GHz;
• Channel 2 to 2.417 GHz;
• Channel 3 to 2.422 GHz;
• Channel 4 to 2.427 GHz;
• Channel 5 to 2.432 GHz;
• Channel 6 to 2.437 GHz;
• Channel 7 to 2.442 GHz;
• Channel 8 to 2.447 GHz;
• Channel 9 to 2.452 GHz;
• Channel 10 to 2.457 GHz;
• Channel 11 to 2.462 GHz
Technically operational, Wi-Fi is one variant of communication and information technology that works on the network and the WLAN (wireless local area network). In other words, Wi-Fi is a trademark certification granted to the telecommunications equipment manufacturers (internet) are working on a WLAN network and already meets the required quality interoperates capacity.
Technology-based Wi-Fi internet created and developed a group of US engineers who worked at the Institute of Electrical and electronis Engineers (IEEE) is based on the technical standards numbered 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.16. Wi-Fi devices is not only able to work on WLAN networks, but also in the network Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN).
Because the device with the technical standard 802.11b WLAN devices are intended for use at a frequency of 2.4 GHz or commonly called ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical). As for the technical standards of 802.11a and 802.16 WMAN intended for the device or also called Wi-Max, which works around the 5 GHz frequency band.
Especially of high public interest in the community Internet-- using Wi-Fi technology due to at least two factors. First, the ease of access. That is, users in one area can access the Internet simultaneously without the need to be bothered with cables.
Consequently, users who want to surf or browse news and information on the Internet, just bring a PDA (Pocket Digital Assistance) or Wi-Fi enabled laptop to a place where there is an access point or hotspot.
The proliferation of hotspots in such places, who built by telecommunications operators, Internet service providers and even the perorangan-- triggered a second factor, namely because of the relatively low cost of construction or just around 300 dollars US.
Increasing the quantity of Internet users based on Wi-Fi technology that is increasingly implicated in various parts of the world, has been pushing Internet service providers (ISPs) to build hotspots in major cities of the world.
Some observers have even been predicted in 2006, there will be as many as 800,000 hotspots in European countries, 530,000 in the United States and one million in the Asian countries.
Total income earned US and European countries of Internet business based Wi-Fi technology by the end of 2003 was estimated at 5.4 trillion US dollars, an increase of 33 billion US dollars from 2002 (www.analysys.com).
Wi-Fi Hardware
Wi-Fi in the form of PCI
Hardware Wi-Fi is available in the market currently exists in the form of:
• PCI
• USB
• PCMCIA
• Compact Flash
Wi-fi in the form of a USB
Fashion Access Wi-Fi Connection
There are two modes of access Wi-Fi connection, ie
Ad-Hoc
This connection mode is a mode where multiple computers are connected directly, or better known as Peer-to-Peer. The advantage, cheaper and more practical when connected only 2 or 3 computers, without having to buy an access point.
Infrastructure
Using the Access Point that serves as data traffic, allowing many client can connect to each other through a network (Network).
The popularity of Wi-Fi
In Indonesia alone, the use of Internet-based Wi-Fi has started implicated in several major cities. In Jakarta, for example, the maniacs who are surfing the Internet while waiting for the plane take off at the airport waiting room, it is not a strange thing.
The same phenomenon is seen in various cafes, just as the Starbucks cafe and La Moda Cafe in Plaza Indonesia, Coffee Club Senayan, and Cafe Coffee Bean in Cilandak Town Square-- where visitors can open the Internet to see the artist's political news or the latest gossip while sipping hot cappucino .
Today, business phone based VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) also has Wi-Fi technology, which calls routed through the WLAN network. The application is named VoWi-FI (Voice over Wi-Fi).
Some time ago, the latest technical standards created by the IEEE has been able to support the operation of streaming video services. Even predicted, will be made cards (cards) based Wi-Fi technology that can be inserted into electronic equipment, ranging from digital cameras to video game consoles (ITU News 8/2003).
Based on the above explanation, it can be concluded that the business users and the quantity of Wi-Fi technology is likely to increase, and economically it has a positive impact on the national economy of a country, including Indonesia.
Nevertheless, the government should address the phenomenon wisely and carefully. Because the technologically --baik frequency band of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz-- which became operational container technology, Wi-Fi is not free from limitations (Kompas, 02/05/2004).
Because the users in a new area can take advantage of this wireless Internet system with optimal, if all devices used in the area using a uniform transmit power and limited.
If these prerequisites are not heeded, will surely occur harmful interference between devices is not just Internet users, but also with the other telecommunications systems.
If the interference persists because users want is superior to other users and the lack of understanding of the limitations of the technology, in the end will make the frequency band of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz can not be used optimally.
Another limitation of the wireless frequency band (2.4 GHz in particular) is because it is also used for ISM (industrial, science and medical).
Consequently, the use of radio communications or other telecommunications device that works on the frequency band that should be ready to accept interference from ISM devices, as stated in S5.150 of the Radio Regulations.
In ITU-R SM.1056, also informed ISM device characteristics that are essentially aimed at preventing interference, both between the ISM and the telecommunication device sharing.
The same recommendation asserts that every member of the ITU-free set of administrative requirements and rules of law relating to mandatory power restrictions.
Recognizing the limitations and impacts that may arise from the use of both the wireless frequency band, various countries and establish regulations that limit the transmit power of the device used.
Safety
Further information: wireless electronic equipment and health
World Health Organization (WHO) states, "there is no risk after exposure to Wi-Fi networks and long-term low-level," and the United Kingdom Health Protection Agency reported that exposure to Wi-Fi for a year "just as exposed to radiation from mobile phone calls during the 20 minutes "
A small number of Wi-Fi users have reported health problems after repeated exposure to and use Wi-Fi, although no publication on any impact in double blind studies. A study involving 725 people with electromagnetic hypersensitivity claimed to have found evidence for their claims. A study speculated that "laptop (Wi-Fi mode) on the lap near the testes may lower male fertility" Other studies find that working memory decline among men when exposed to Wi-Fi.
Sabtu, 18 April 2015
History of the Internet
Internet (short for interconnection-networking) is the entire network of computers connected together using a global system standard Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Suite (TCP / IP) as the packet exchange protocol (packet switching communication protocol) to serve billions of users around dunia.Rangkaian dinamakanInternet biggest internet. How to connect the circuit with this rule is called internetworking ("between networks").
History of the Internet
The Internet is a computer network established by the US Department of Defense in 1969, through the ARPA project called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), where they demonstrated how the computer hardware and software based on UNIX, we can make communication within the infinity over telephone lines.
ARPANET project designing a network, reliability, how much information can be transferred, and finally all the standards that they set into the embryo development of new protocols now known as TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).
The initial purpose of the construction project was for military purposes. At that time the US Department of Defense (US Department of Defense) makes a computer network system which is spread by linking computers in areas vital to address the problem in the event of a nuclear attack and to avoid the occurrence of centralized information, which in the event of war can easily be destroyed.
At first ARPANET only 4 sites linking, ie the Stanford Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Utah, where they form a unified network in 1969, and in general the ARPANET was introduced in October 1972. Not long after this project growing rapidly in all regions, and all universities in the country wants to join, thus making it difficult to set the ARPANET.
Therefore ARPANET split widened two, namely "MILNET" for military purposes and the "ARPANET" new smaller for non-military purposes, such as universities. Combined both networks eventually known as the DARPA Internet, which then reduces to the Internet.
Internet at the moment
Internet guarded by bilateral or multilateral agreements and technical specifications (protocol that describe how to exchange data over the network). These protocols established by the talk of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is open to the public. The agency issued a document that is recognized as an RFC (Request for Comments). Some RFCs are Internet standards (Internet Standard), the Internet Architecture Board (Internet Architecture Board - IAB). Internet protocols that are often used are IP, TCP, UDP, DNS, PPP, SLIP, ICMP, POP3, IMAP, SMTP, HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, Telnet, FTP, LDAP and SSL.
Some of the popular services on the Internet that use of these protocols are e / mail, Usenet, Newsgroups, share files (File Sharing), WWW (World Wide Web), Gopher, access the session (Session Access), WAIS, finger, IRC, MUD, danMUSH. In between all of this, email / electronic mail and the World Wide Web is more often used, and many other services are built upon them, such as mailing lists (mailing lists) and Weblog. The Internet allows the current service (Real-time service), such as web radio, and webcasts, which can be accessed worldwide. In addition, through the Internet it is possible to communicate directly between two or more users through instant messenger programs like Camfrog, Pidgin (Gaim), Trilian, Kopete, Yahoo! Messenger, MSN Messenger Windows Live Messenger, Twitter, Facebook and others.
Some of the popular Internet service is based on a closed system (Proprietary System), is like IRC, ICQ, AIM, CDDB, and Gnutella.
Internet Culture
A large number of Internet users and growing, has embodied the culture of the Internet. The Internet also has a great influence on science, and worldview. With only berpandukan search engines like Google, users worldwide have easy Internet access on a variety of information. Compared with books and libraries, the Internet represents a (Decentralization) / knowledge (knowledge) and data information to extremes.
The development of the Internet also has affected economic development. Various sale and purchase transactions that previously could only be done by face to face (and some very small by mail or telephone), is now very easy and often done via the Internet. Transactions over the Internet is known as e-commerce.
Associated with the government, the Internet also trigger the growth of government transparency through the implementation of e-government in Sragen which was successfully delivering enhanced areas by utilizing the Internet for transparency in the management of public funds and cut through the red tape, so that residents in the area on the stretcher very profitable so the civil servants can also be improved kesejahterannya because local income rose sharply.
Rules Internet
Just as a community, the Internet also has a certain order, which is known as Nettiquette or in Indonesian known as netiquette.
For in Indonesia besides social order on the Internet is also enforced regulations (UU ITE).
Moral issues and legislation
There are doubts about the Internet community, culminating in some controversial material in it. Copyright infringement, pornography, identity theft, and a statement of hatred (hate speech), is unusual and difficult to maintain. Internet is also blamed by some people because it is considered the cause of death. Brandon Vedas died from drug usage that exceeds the limits with the spirit of friends chatting IRCnya. Shawn Woolley committed suicide because of addiction to online games, Everquest. Brandes was stabbed killed, and eaten by Armin Meiwes after answering an ad in the Internet.
Internet Access
Countries with the best Internet access including South Korea (50% instead of the population has access jalurlebar - Broadband), and Sweden. There are two common forms of Internet access, ie dial-up, and jalurlebar. In Indonesia, such as developing countries where access to the Internet and PC penetration is already quite high with low Internet and supports inexpensive netbooks, it's just less fair in Indonesia operators in determining the price and there is even one of the operators who deliberately make a "trap" that Internet users are paying more expensive. Other approximately 42% of Internet access via the Internet Access Public facilities such as cafes, cybercafes, hotspots etc. Other public places are often used to access the Internet is on campus and in the office.
Besides using a PC (Personal Computer), we are also able to access the Internet via mobile phones (HP) using a facility called GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). GPRS is a wireless communication standard (wireless) which has a connection speed of 115 kbps and support the wider application (graphics and multimedia). GPRS technology is accessible to support the facility. GPRS settings on the phone depending on the service used. Internet access charges are calculated by the amount of capacity (per-kilobyte) downloaded.
Use of the Internet in public places
Internet is also increasingly used in public places. Some public places that provide Internet services including libraries, and Internet cafe / cafe (also called Cyber Cafe). There is also a layman that provides central access to the Internet, such as Internet Kiosk, Public Access Terminals, and web phone.
There are also shops that provide access to wi-fi, such as Wifi-cafe. Users only need to bring a laptop (notebook), or PDA, which have wifi capabilities to gain access to the Internet.
Figures Internet
Tim Berners-Lee creator WWW (World Wide Web).
History of the Internet
The Internet is a computer network established by the US Department of Defense in 1969, through the ARPA project called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), where they demonstrated how the computer hardware and software based on UNIX, we can make communication within the infinity over telephone lines.
ARPANET project designing a network, reliability, how much information can be transferred, and finally all the standards that they set into the embryo development of new protocols now known as TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).
The initial purpose of the construction project was for military purposes. At that time the US Department of Defense (US Department of Defense) makes a computer network system which is spread by linking computers in areas vital to address the problem in the event of a nuclear attack and to avoid the occurrence of centralized information, which in the event of war can easily be destroyed.
At first ARPANET only 4 sites linking, ie the Stanford Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Utah, where they form a unified network in 1969, and in general the ARPANET was introduced in October 1972. Not long after this project growing rapidly in all regions, and all universities in the country wants to join, thus making it difficult to set the ARPANET.
Therefore ARPANET split widened two, namely "MILNET" for military purposes and the "ARPANET" new smaller for non-military purposes, such as universities. Combined both networks eventually known as the DARPA Internet, which then reduces to the Internet.
Internet at the moment
Internet guarded by bilateral or multilateral agreements and technical specifications (protocol that describe how to exchange data over the network). These protocols established by the talk of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is open to the public. The agency issued a document that is recognized as an RFC (Request for Comments). Some RFCs are Internet standards (Internet Standard), the Internet Architecture Board (Internet Architecture Board - IAB). Internet protocols that are often used are IP, TCP, UDP, DNS, PPP, SLIP, ICMP, POP3, IMAP, SMTP, HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, Telnet, FTP, LDAP and SSL.
Some of the popular services on the Internet that use of these protocols are e / mail, Usenet, Newsgroups, share files (File Sharing), WWW (World Wide Web), Gopher, access the session (Session Access), WAIS, finger, IRC, MUD, danMUSH. In between all of this, email / electronic mail and the World Wide Web is more often used, and many other services are built upon them, such as mailing lists (mailing lists) and Weblog. The Internet allows the current service (Real-time service), such as web radio, and webcasts, which can be accessed worldwide. In addition, through the Internet it is possible to communicate directly between two or more users through instant messenger programs like Camfrog, Pidgin (Gaim), Trilian, Kopete, Yahoo! Messenger, MSN Messenger Windows Live Messenger, Twitter, Facebook and others.
Some of the popular Internet service is based on a closed system (Proprietary System), is like IRC, ICQ, AIM, CDDB, and Gnutella.
Internet Culture
A large number of Internet users and growing, has embodied the culture of the Internet. The Internet also has a great influence on science, and worldview. With only berpandukan search engines like Google, users worldwide have easy Internet access on a variety of information. Compared with books and libraries, the Internet represents a (Decentralization) / knowledge (knowledge) and data information to extremes.
The development of the Internet also has affected economic development. Various sale and purchase transactions that previously could only be done by face to face (and some very small by mail or telephone), is now very easy and often done via the Internet. Transactions over the Internet is known as e-commerce.
Associated with the government, the Internet also trigger the growth of government transparency through the implementation of e-government in Sragen which was successfully delivering enhanced areas by utilizing the Internet for transparency in the management of public funds and cut through the red tape, so that residents in the area on the stretcher very profitable so the civil servants can also be improved kesejahterannya because local income rose sharply.
Rules Internet
Just as a community, the Internet also has a certain order, which is known as Nettiquette or in Indonesian known as netiquette.
For in Indonesia besides social order on the Internet is also enforced regulations (UU ITE).
Moral issues and legislation
There are doubts about the Internet community, culminating in some controversial material in it. Copyright infringement, pornography, identity theft, and a statement of hatred (hate speech), is unusual and difficult to maintain. Internet is also blamed by some people because it is considered the cause of death. Brandon Vedas died from drug usage that exceeds the limits with the spirit of friends chatting IRCnya. Shawn Woolley committed suicide because of addiction to online games, Everquest. Brandes was stabbed killed, and eaten by Armin Meiwes after answering an ad in the Internet.
Internet Access
Countries with the best Internet access including South Korea (50% instead of the population has access jalurlebar - Broadband), and Sweden. There are two common forms of Internet access, ie dial-up, and jalurlebar. In Indonesia, such as developing countries where access to the Internet and PC penetration is already quite high with low Internet and supports inexpensive netbooks, it's just less fair in Indonesia operators in determining the price and there is even one of the operators who deliberately make a "trap" that Internet users are paying more expensive. Other approximately 42% of Internet access via the Internet Access Public facilities such as cafes, cybercafes, hotspots etc. Other public places are often used to access the Internet is on campus and in the office.
Besides using a PC (Personal Computer), we are also able to access the Internet via mobile phones (HP) using a facility called GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). GPRS is a wireless communication standard (wireless) which has a connection speed of 115 kbps and support the wider application (graphics and multimedia). GPRS technology is accessible to support the facility. GPRS settings on the phone depending on the service used. Internet access charges are calculated by the amount of capacity (per-kilobyte) downloaded.
Use of the Internet in public places
Internet is also increasingly used in public places. Some public places that provide Internet services including libraries, and Internet cafe / cafe (also called Cyber Cafe). There is also a layman that provides central access to the Internet, such as Internet Kiosk, Public Access Terminals, and web phone.
There are also shops that provide access to wi-fi, such as Wifi-cafe. Users only need to bring a laptop (notebook), or PDA, which have wifi capabilities to gain access to the Internet.
Figures Internet
Tim Berners-Lee creator WWW (World Wide Web).
Selasa, 31 Maret 2015
Easy Ways to Learn SEO For Beginners
SEO, or search engine optimization is one of the capabilities that are essential to be owned by the business on the internet. With the support of a team / good SEO skills, of course, your website will be able to "talk a lot" and get a very exciting position in search engines, such as Google.
So the question arises, how easy to learn SEO? Are there any tips or tricks that we can proficient SEO in the not too long? Find the answer just in this article :).
This time I will try to share inspiration about SEO stuff to comrades. Perhaps my knowledge that has not been too much of this can be of great benefit for his friends. How easy way to learn SEO for beginners? Here are some of my inspiration.
1. Start with the Basic Concepts of SEO
But OK, I will try to discuss the basic concepts of SEO here.
The basic concept of SEO is to make our website worthy and deserve to be placed in a good position in search engine results. Already it had basically. All the things that make our website a bad reputation was not SEO. FULL STOP.
So do not easily trust with a variety of SEO tricks "strange" that would not stand out there.
Then as if SEO is good and should we do? Well this is the importance of the following points.
2. Find a Mentor and Teacher you
Learning SEO can indeed be self-taught, but you still need a teacher. Whether it's to learn from the experience of others, experience your comrades who had already pursue SEO, taking a course in SEO, SEO and purchase books and so on.
And never be content with the knowledge and knowledge you already have. Keep learning, from anyone while a positive lesson.
If I may share, I had a lot to learn SEO from fellow bloggers who really have passion in the field of SEO.
3. Fix Your Mindset Yes
Mindset is very important in doing something. Now try to think carefully.
• Do SEO is an absolute thing in your online business?
• Are by doing "little" SEO your online business can still thrive? Remember, SEO is not the only successful online business. Still there are a variety of other methods.
• What should you do SEO? Are not you can delegate the task of SEO is to people who are more experienced and ready to assist you. Remember, there are a variety of reliable SEO services out there.
Hopefully these three questions had been able to give a reflection on yourself. One thing I want to emphasize, you do not have to master all online business capabilities. Teamwork is one method of achieving success online business.
4. Direct Practice in the Field.
This way is the best way to learn SEO. Yes practices in the field. URLs learn to ride a bike, you can not learn just by reading a book or follow the advice of people. Learn riding a bike it is by trying to directly cycling.
And that learning SEO. Mandatory practices in the field.
Learn from experience.
Well fellow readers, I hope this article SEO for beginners can inspire you yes.
Sorry I did not give detailed discussion about the techniques of SEO or SEO what steps you should do. But I believe with all 4 points mighty above, you already know what you should do in order to be proficient SEO.
Greetings super, and good luck always to you.
Sabtu, 28 Maret 2015
4 Things that Make Unique Boy Girl Crazy
Attractive female attention is not easy. Need special tricks to
mollify them. Moreover, the girl is a creature that is not easy to guess.
Therefore, make their knees is a tough job.
However, it turns out there are
some things that can make most girls crazy when these things owned by a guy. It
is unique that makes a guy look sexy in the eyes of a girl. Quoted from AskMen,
the following 4 things
1. Scars
Believe it or not, it turns out
for most girls, a guy who has a scar look more manly. Bak magnets, scars make
him look more masculine, bold, and full of mystery. According to research by
Science Daily, researchers from Liverpool University and Sterling said that the
girl considers a guy who has a scar as a healthy guy, strong, and brave.
2. Sweat
Any girl who is not crazy about
the football player? Or at least, a guy who likes to exercise. Turns sweat
makes a guy look more sexy and attractive. For women, there's nothing sexier
than seeing a guy who ran the body sweating.
Researchers from the University
of Berkeley, California revealed that sweating is a natural perfume. And that
makes most girls crazy with sweat guy is androstadienone. The substance is a
chemical found in male sweat. These substances also make hormones girls
increased and also stimulates sexual desire.
3. Glasses
Surveri from Stockholm
University researchers found that girls are more interested in a guy who use
glasses. Glasses make a guy look smart. They assume bespectacled guy looks more
impressive and easy to communicate.
4. Gardening
Who says gardening work only
with girls? In fact, girls assume a guy who likes to take care of the plants as
a guy who is responsible and care about the environment.
This is because the necessary patience,
attention, and tenderness to care for plants. And just so you know, according
to research in the UK, the guy who took the time to gardening 30 minutes each
week, have good health and performance in bed.
Rabu, 25 Maret 2015
Guy Secrets
Secrets guys, guys have a lot of secrets.
Secrets that deserve to know girl. At least, all that could be common knowledge
for women. So expect a girl to better understand guys. Secrets guy from
madjongke.com.
1. As with any girlfriend also experience about love, guys
will find it difficult to escape the express words of love.
2. Guys do not really like when compared with the other guy.
Though only for a very trivial thing.
3. The guy tried to be normal if it knew his girlfriend
preoccupied with another guy, even though he felt jealous.
4. The guy is hard to say no if a girl ask for help,
although there is no love affair altogether.
5. The most lazy guy faced girl who likes to gossip. If it
happens, it's just to keep the feeling of his girlfriend.
6. Guys usually difficult to express his feelings.
7. Guys do not like guessing.
8. There is rarely a guy who noticed something in detail
from his girlfriend. Guy heading into the more general case considered by others.
9. If the problem hobby, a guy can make his girlfriend to be
number two.
10. There is a sense of inferiority and low self-esteem if
dicuekin same guy his female friend.
11. Men can fall in love with a girl just because of
appearance.
12. Guys also like if unloved or seduced.
13. Men can get attracted to a girl who is very friendly.
14. Dream guy most have a home, luxury cars, and a beautiful
wife.
15. Guys often use words that are not in accordance with its
meaning
Senin, 23 Maret 2015
Importance of Management Life
Set the life necessary for the achievement of life goals
career, business or your finances. Management of life plays an important role
to make your life really means. It confirms the importance of Management In
Life
LIFE Meaning what? And usually most people never think about
it! YES or YES?
Well, if you memanagement Your Life with a different meaning
then your feelings will also be different. If you feel differently, then your
actions will be different. If you act differently, the results are also
different. And if the result is different, so different fate. If a different
fate, her life was different.
So, here everyone has a different definition of life. If you
think life was full of struggle, then your life forever just struggling. Did
comfortable if the fighting continues and you do not enjoy life? Here you just
fought constantly. Perhaps there is nothing wrong in this, but the definition
you describe your life for now and for the future.
Therefore, be careful on the definition of life. You give
meaning to life as you want. And if you are wrong in giving meaning to life the
Management Number one has Failed Total. The very first in a set of life, you
should be able to give it the meaning of life and life as what it is ... (you
can answer with your own answer).
If you already give meaning wrong in your life, then you
would be wrong emotions. If emotions are wrong, then the action will be
incorrect. If your actions are wrong, the result is wrong. If the result is
wrong, then the fate One. And if your destiny is wrong, then your life will be
wrong.
So here, You decide what your life will be like and how. If
you are wrong in giving meaning, then for the future will be one of your life.
Here, you also specify the definition of your life itself. This is step number
one in the management of life.
Finally, I hope this article brings beneficial for your
understanding in managing all aspects of your life to the life changes that you
expect.
I love being myself .. Living life in the way God planned ,,
and achieve the best thing God has provided.
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